ABSTRACT
Background: Diarrhea is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. Diarrhea is the main cause of death among under-five children in India. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Mother’s basic knowledge of diarrhea depends on various factors such as educational status, prior experience of managing the disease, and food hygiene. Diarrheal diseases remain an important cause of mortality and morbidity among children, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: The main aim is to measure the food hygiene practice among mothers and occurrence of diarrhea in under-five children. Materials and Methods: A non-experimental descriptive research design was conducted among 186 under-five children, mothers were selected using convenient sampling technique who fulfill inclusion criteria from the rural area of Doiwala block. Information was collected with the help of structure questionnaire on child feeding hygiene practice and practice checklist on food hygiene. Ethical permission and written consent were taken from the ethical committee of university and participants. Results: The research finding highlights that less than half of mothers (44.6%) use bowel spoon for feeding to their child. Majority of mothers (84.9%) wash his child hand with soap. Most of the mothers (74.2%) were not wash vegetables after cutting. Only 63% had check expiry of the food material before giving it to the child. Most of mothers (97.3%) wash hand of child before eating food. Nearby 38.2% of children had diarrhea in the past 6 months due to the unhygienic food practice. Conclusion: The investigator observed that there is a need to improved food hygiene practice among under 5-year children mothers because diarrhea is directly related to unhygienic food condition. The under-five children are totally depend on the mothers. If mothers will not improve food hygiene practice, then children will suffer from the diarrhea disease again and again.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Among trauma patients 6% have spinal column injury, half of which have spinal cord or nerve root injury. Road traffic accidents being the most common cause. Burst fractures account for more than half of the thoracolumbar fractures which are treated by various modalities of fixation and decompression. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare direct and indirect surgical decompression of the spinal canal in patients with thoracolumbar fractures with neurodeficit and to compare spinal canal remodeling. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were divided into two groups, Group 1 with direct and Group 2 with indirect decompression. Canal diameters were recorded before and after surgery and at follow-up. The patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months. Both groups will be compared using Student’s paired t-test and Chi-square test. Results: Both groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, mode if injury, site of injury, and pre-operative canal diameters. After surgery, mean diameter for G1 1.2 cm (standard deviation [SD] ± 0.03) and G2 1.15 cm (SD ± 0.04) canal diameters improved in both groups with P < 0.05, however among both groups, the P < 0.05 showing that better canal clearance was achieved in G1 than in G2. Diameter at 1 year for G1 1.37 cm (SD ± 0.048) and G1 1.37 cm (SD ± 0.029), though the improvement in canal diameters from post-operative period to 1 year is significant in each group (P value in both groups <0.001), and among groups, the difference is not significant with P > 0.05. Conclusion: The neurological damage in thoracolumbar burst fractures occurs at the precise moment of injury. Furthermore, there is spontaneous remodeling potential of the spinal canal.